Multiple Choice
For a neutral manganese (Mn) atom, how many electrons occupy the s and p orbitals in its ground-state electron configuration?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
Multiple Choice
How many electrons occupy the outer energy level of most atoms that are chemically stable?
A
2
B
8
C
4
D
6
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the outer energy level of an atom is called the valence shell, and the electrons in this shell are called valence electrons.
Recall the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to be chemically stable when they have eight electrons in their valence shell (except for the first shell, which is stable with 2 electrons).
Recognize that most atoms achieve chemical stability by having 8 electrons in their outermost energy level, which allows them to form stable molecules or ions.
Note that this rule explains why noble gases, which naturally have 8 valence electrons, are chemically inert or stable.
Conclude that the number of electrons occupying the outer energy level of most chemically stable atoms is 8.
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