Multiple Choice
In the compound aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)_3, how many hydroxide ions are bonded to each aluminum ion?
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2. Atoms & Elements
Ions
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An atom X has three electrons in its outermost shell. Which ion will X most likely form?
A
X^{3+}
B
X^{3-}
C
X^{2+}
D
X^{-}
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the number of valence electrons in atom X, which is given as 3 electrons in its outermost shell.
Recall that atoms tend to form ions to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration.
Since X has 3 valence electrons, it can either lose 3 electrons to form a cation or gain electrons to form an anion.
Consider the energy required: losing 3 electrons to form X^{3+} will result in a full shell beneath, which is often more stable than gaining multiple electrons to form an anion.
Conclude that atom X will most likely form the ion X^{3+} by losing its 3 valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
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