Multiple Choice
Is the molecule SO_2 polar or nonpolar?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Which of the following best describes the molecular polarity of ClF_3?
A
ClF_3 is ionic and therefore not polar or nonpolar.
B
ClF_3 is a nonpolar molecule.
C
ClF_3 is a polar molecule.
D
ClF_3 is amphiprotic.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the molecular formula and the central atom: ClF_3 consists of one chlorine (Cl) atom bonded to three fluorine (F) atoms, with chlorine as the central atom.
Determine the Lewis structure of ClF_3: Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, and each fluorine has 7 valence electrons. Total valence electrons are calculated and arranged to satisfy the octet rule as much as possible, placing three fluorine atoms bonded to chlorine and accounting for lone pairs on chlorine.
Use VSEPR theory to predict the molecular geometry: With three bonded atoms and two lone pairs on the central chlorine atom, the electron geometry is trigonal bipyramidal, but the molecular shape is T-shaped due to the lone pairs occupying equatorial positions.
Analyze the symmetry and dipole moments: The T-shaped geometry is asymmetrical, and because fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, the bond dipoles do not cancel out, resulting in a net dipole moment.
Conclude the polarity: Since the molecule has an asymmetrical shape and a net dipole moment, ClF_3 is a polar molecule.
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