Multiple Choice
Which types of particles can participate in dipole-dipole interactions?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
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Which one of the following substances exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between its molecules?
A
HCl
B
CH4
C
CCl4
D
O2
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the molecular polarity of each substance by examining their molecular geometry and the electronegativity difference between atoms.
Recall that dipole-dipole attractions occur between polar molecules, which have a permanent dipole moment due to uneven charge distribution.
Analyze each molecule: CH4 (methane) is nonpolar because of its symmetrical tetrahedral shape; CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is also nonpolar due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape despite polar C-Cl bonds; O2 (oxygen) is nonpolar because it is a diatomic molecule with identical atoms.
HCl (hydrogen chloride) is a diatomic molecule with different atoms, resulting in a polar bond and a permanent dipole moment, which leads to dipole-dipole attractions between molecules.
Conclude that among the given options, only HCl exhibits dipole-dipole attractions because it is the only polar molecule.
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