Multiple Choice
Which phase change is known as condensation?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Phase Diagrams
Multiple Choice
Which of the following must occur for solid water (ice) to change to liquid water?
A
The temperature must decrease below 0^ext{o}C at 1 atm pressure.
B
The temperature must increase above 0^ext{o}C at 1 atm pressure.
C
The pressure must decrease below 1 atm while keeping the temperature constant at -10^ext{o}C.
D
The pressure must increase above 1 atm while keeping the temperature constant at -10^ext{o}C.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the phase change process for water from solid (ice) to liquid. This transition is called melting or fusion.
Recall that at 1 atm pressure, the melting point of ice is 0^\(\text{o}\)C. To change ice into liquid water, the temperature must reach or exceed this melting point.
Recognize that decreasing temperature below 0^\(\text{o}\)C will keep water in the solid phase, so this does not cause melting.
Consider the effect of pressure: at temperatures well below 0^\(\text{o}\)C (like -10^\(\text{o}\)C), changing pressure alone (either increasing or decreasing) will not cause ice to melt because the temperature is still below the melting point at 1 atm.
Therefore, the necessary condition for ice to melt at 1 atm is that the temperature must increase above 0^\(\text{o}\)C.
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