Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds

General Chemistry

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Lewis dot structure of the neutral compound HClO_3?

Oxygen is the central atom, bonded to chlorine and two hydrogen atoms.

Chlorine is the central atom, bonded to three oxygen atoms, each with a double bond.

Chlorine is the central atom, bonded to three oxygen atoms, all with single bonds; all oxygens have zero formal charge.

Chlorine is the central atom, bonded to three oxygen atoms, with one double bond and two single bonds; each single-bonded oxygen has a negative formal charge.

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the atoms present in HClO_3: one hydrogen (H), one chlorine (Cl), and three oxygen (O) atoms.

Determine the central atom: typically, the least electronegative atom that can form multiple bonds is central. Here, chlorine (Cl) is less electronegative than oxygen and can expand its octet, so Cl is the central atom.

Arrange the atoms with Cl in the center bonded to three oxygen atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded to one of the oxygens (since H usually bonds to O, not Cl).

Count the total valence electrons: Cl has 7, each O has 6 (total 18 for three O), and H has 1, summing to 26 valence electrons.

Distribute electrons to satisfy the octet rule where possible: form one double bond between Cl and one oxygen to reduce formal charges, and single bonds to the other two oxygens, which will carry negative formal charges; the hydrogen is bonded to one oxygen, completing its valence with a single bond.