Multiple Choice
How many valence electrons does francium (Fr) have?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which of the following best describes how electrons in the same atom can differ from each other?
A
They must all be located in the valence shell.
B
They can occupy different energy levels and have different quantum numbers.
C
They all have identical chemical properties.
D
They all have the same energy and quantum numbers.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that electrons in the same atom are described by quantum numbers, which define their energy, shape, orientation, and spin.
Recall the four quantum numbers: principal (n), angular momentum (l), magnetic (m_l), and spin (m_s), each of which can differ for electrons in the same atom.
Recognize that electrons can occupy different energy levels (different values of n) and subshells (different l values), allowing them to have distinct quantum numbers.
Note that the Pauli Exclusion Principle states no two electrons in the same atom can have the exact same set of all four quantum numbers, ensuring electrons differ in at least one quantum number.
Conclude that electrons in the same atom can differ by occupying different energy levels and having different quantum numbers, which explains their unique properties and behavior.
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