Multiple Choice
Which concept explains how carbon can form both graphite and diamond with different structures?
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12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Hybridization
Multiple Choice
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the cyanate ion (NCO−)?
A
sp^2
B
sp
C
sp^3
D
dsp^2
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Draw the Lewis structure of the cyanate ion (NCO⁻). Identify the connectivity of atoms: nitrogen (N) is bonded to carbon (C), which is bonded to oxygen (O), and account for the negative charge on the ion.
Step 2: Count the total number of valence electrons for the N, C, and O atoms, and add one extra electron for the negative charge. Distribute these electrons to satisfy the octet rule as much as possible.
Step 3: Determine the bonding and lone pairs around the carbon atom by analyzing the Lewis structure. Note the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs on carbon.
Step 4: Use the steric number (number of sigma bonds + lone pairs) around the carbon atom to determine its hybridization. Recall that: steric number 2 corresponds to sp, 3 to sp², and 4 to sp³ hybridization.
Step 5: Confirm the hybridization by considering the molecular geometry and the presence of any multiple bonds (double or triple bonds) involving carbon, which influence the hybridization state.
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