Multiple Choice
How many valence electrons does magnesium (Mg) have?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which of the following atoms is capable of having an expanded valence shell?
A
P (phosphorus)
B
O (oxygen)
C
C (carbon)
D
N (nitrogen)
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall that an expanded valence shell occurs when an atom can have more than 8 electrons in its valence shell, which is possible for elements in period 3 or below because they have available d orbitals.
Identify the period of each element: Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O) are in period 2, while Phosphorus (P) is in period 3.
Understand that elements in period 2 cannot expand their valence shell beyond 8 electrons because they lack accessible d orbitals.
Recognize that Phosphorus, being in period 3, has empty 3d orbitals that can be used to accommodate more than 8 electrons, allowing it to have an expanded valence shell.
Conclude that among the given atoms, only Phosphorus (P) is capable of having an expanded valence shell.
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