Multiple Choice
How many valence electrons does the element boron (B) have?
2
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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How many electrons are present in the n = 4 shell of a neutral calcium (Ca) atom?
A
2
B
8
C
4
D
18
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the electron configuration of a neutral calcium (Ca) atom. Calcium has an atomic number of 20, meaning it has 20 electrons.
Write the electron configuration using the Aufbau principle, filling orbitals in order of increasing energy: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, etc.
Determine which electrons belong to the n = 4 shell. The n = 4 shell includes the 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f subshells, but for calcium, only the 4s subshell is occupied.
Count the number of electrons in the 4s subshell, which is the only subshell filled in the n = 4 shell for calcium.
Conclude that the number of electrons in the n = 4 shell of calcium corresponds to the electrons in the 4s subshell.
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