Multiple Choice
Which of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water?
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6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Solubility Rules
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Under which conditions of temperature and pressure is a gas most soluble in water?
A
Low temperature and low pressure
B
High temperature and low pressure
C
Low temperature and high pressure
D
High temperature and high pressure
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. Mathematically, this is expressed as $C = k_{H} \times P$, where $C$ is the concentration (solubility) of the gas, $k_{H}$ is Henry's law constant, and $P$ is the partial pressure of the gas.
Understand the effect of pressure: Increasing the pressure of the gas above the liquid increases the gas solubility because more gas molecules are 'pushed' into the solution.
Consider the effect of temperature: Generally, gas solubility decreases as temperature increases because higher temperatures provide gas molecules with more kinetic energy to escape from the liquid phase back into the gas phase.
Combine these concepts: To maximize gas solubility in water, the pressure should be high (to increase solubility) and the temperature should be low (to reduce the tendency of gas molecules to escape).
Therefore, the gas is most soluble in water under conditions of low temperature and high pressure.
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