Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an Arrhenius base?
a) Mg(OH)2
b) BaO
c) CH3NH2
d) NH4+
e) H2SO4
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17. Acid and Base Equilibrium
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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According to the Arrhenius definition, when an acid dissociates in water, it produces an anion and which other species?
A
A carbonate ion,
B
A hydronium ion,
C
A hydroxide ion,
D
A sodium cation,
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall the Arrhenius definition of an acid: an acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H\textsuperscript{+}) in aqueous solution.
When an acid dissociates in water, it releases H\textsuperscript{+} ions and an anion (the conjugate base of the acid).
In aqueous solution, free H\textsuperscript{+} ions do not exist alone; they associate with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H\textsubscript{3}O\textsuperscript{+}).
Therefore, according to Arrhenius, the species produced when an acid dissociates in water are the anion and the hydronium ion (H\textsubscript{3}O\textsuperscript{+}).
Other ions like carbonate (CO\textsubscript{3}\textsuperscript{2−}), hydroxide (OH\textsuperscript{−}), or sodium (Na\textsuperscript{+}) are not generally produced by acid dissociation according to the Arrhenius definition.
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