Ch.5 - Thermochemistry

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook

Brown 14th Edition

Ch.5 - Thermochemistry

Problem 2a

Chapter 5, Problem 2a

The accompanying photo shows a pipevine swallowtail caterpillar climbing up a twig. (a) As the caterpillar climbs, its potential energy is increasing. What source of energy has been used to effect this change in potential energy?

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Identify the type of energy transformation involved when the caterpillar climbs up the twig. In this case, the caterpillar is converting one form of energy into another.

Understand that the caterpillar uses chemical energy stored in its body to fuel its movement. This chemical energy primarily comes from the food the caterpillar eats.

Recognize that as the caterpillar climbs, it performs work against the gravitational force, which results in an increase in its gravitational potential energy.

Consider the energy conversion process: the caterpillar's muscles use the stored chemical energy to generate mechanical energy, which is then used to move upwards against gravity.

Conclude that the source of energy used by the caterpillar to increase its potential energy as it climbs is the chemical energy stored in its body.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Potential Energy

Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration. In the case of the caterpillar climbing a twig, its height above the ground increases, which raises its gravitational potential energy. This energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the caterpillar moves downward.

Energy Transformation

Energy transformation refers to the process of changing energy from one form to another. In this scenario, the caterpillar converts chemical energy from the food it consumes into mechanical energy, allowing it to climb. This transformation is essential for the caterpillar to gain height and increase its potential energy.

Gravitational Force

Gravitational force is the attractive force between two masses, such as the Earth and the caterpillar. As the caterpillar climbs, it works against this force, which requires energy. The increase in potential energy is a direct result of the caterpillar's position relative to the gravitational pull of the Earth.

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Imagine that you are climbing a mountain. (a) Is the distance you travel to the top a state function?

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Textbook Question

The contents of the closed box in each of the following illustrations represent a system, and the arrows show the changes to the system during some process. The lengths of the arrows represent the relative magnitudes of q and w. (a) Which of these processes is endothermic?

Consider the accompanying energy diagram. (a) Does thisdiagram represent an increase or decrease in the internal energyof the system?

Two positively charged spheres, each with a charge of 2.0⨉10^-5 C, a mass of 1.0 kg, and separated by a distance of 1.0 cm, are held in place on a frictionless track. (a) What is the electrostatic potential energy of this system?

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