Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules is capable of forming hydrogen bonds?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
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Which is the strongest intermolecular force present in a sample of H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)?
A
Ion-dipole interactions
B
Dipole-dipole interactions
C
London dispersion forces
D
Hydrogen bonding
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the types of intermolecular forces that can exist in the sample. For H3PO4 (phosphoric acid), consider London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
Recall that London dispersion forces are present in all molecules due to temporary dipoles, but they are generally the weakest intermolecular force.
Recognize that dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules where permanent dipoles attract each other. H3PO4 is a polar molecule, so dipole-dipole forces are present.
Understand that hydrogen bonding is a special, stronger type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is directly bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. In H3PO4, hydrogen atoms are bonded to oxygen atoms, enabling hydrogen bonding.
Conclude that because hydrogen bonding is stronger than both dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces, the strongest intermolecular force in H3PO4 is hydrogen bonding.
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