Multiple Choice
Which Lewis structure below correctly represents the compound formed between magnesium and sulfur?
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11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds
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Which of the following Lewis dot structures correctly represents a neutral molecule of water (H_2O)?
A
O atom in the center with two single bonds to H atoms and no lone pairs on O
B
O atom in the center with two single bonds to H atoms and three lone pairs on O
C
O atom in the center with one double bond to one H atom and one single bond to the other H atom, and one lone pair on O
D
O atom in the center with two single bonds to H atoms and two lone pairs on O
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall that a Lewis dot structure represents the valence electrons of atoms in a molecule, showing bonds and lone pairs.
Determine the total number of valence electrons in the water molecule: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and each Hydrogen has 1, so total electrons = 6 + 2(1) = 8.
Place the oxygen atom in the center because it is less electronegative than hydrogen and can form multiple bonds; then connect two hydrogen atoms to oxygen with single bonds, using 4 electrons (2 bonds × 2 electrons each).
Distribute the remaining electrons as lone pairs on the oxygen atom to complete its octet; since 4 electrons are used in bonds, 4 electrons remain, which form two lone pairs on oxygen.
Verify that each hydrogen has 2 electrons (a full shell for hydrogen) and oxygen has 8 electrons around it (octet rule), confirming the correct Lewis structure is oxygen with two single bonds to hydrogen and two lone pairs on oxygen.
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