Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes a cation?
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2. Atoms & Elements
Ions
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Why do Group 1 elements most often form ions with a +1 charge?
A
They have one valence electron, which is easily lost to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.
B
They share electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds.
C
They gain one electron to complete their outer shell.
D
They have two valence electrons that are both lost during ion formation.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the position of Group 1 elements in the periodic table: they are in the first column, meaning they have one electron in their outermost shell (valence shell).
Recall that atoms tend to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas, which usually means having a full outer shell of electrons.
Understand that for Group 1 elements, losing their single valence electron results in a full outer shell underneath, achieving a stable noble gas configuration.
Recognize that losing one electron results in a positive charge of +1 because the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons by one.
Conclude that Group 1 elements most often form ions with a +1 charge because they lose their one valence electron to become more stable.
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