Ch.10 - Gases

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.10 - Gases

Problem 72b

Chapter 10, Problem 72b

(b) What is the partial pressure in atm of each component of this mixture if its held in a 15.50-L vessel at 15 °C?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by identifying the components of the gas mixture. You will need the number of moles of each gas present in the mixture.

Step 2: Use the Ideal Gas Law, which is expressed as

P V = n R T

, where

P

is the pressure,

V

is the volume,

n

is the number of moles,

R

is the ideal gas constant, and

T

is the temperature in Kelvin.

Step 3: Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin using the formula

T = T

_C+273.15. For 15 °C, calculate the temperature in Kelvin.

Step 4: Calculate the partial pressure of each gas using the Ideal Gas Law. Rearrange the formula to solve for pressure:

P = \frac{n R T}{V}

. Substitute the values for each gas component.

Step 5: Ensure that the units are consistent, particularly for the ideal gas constant

R

, which is typically

0.0821

L atm/mol K. Calculate the partial pressure for each component in atm.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Partial Pressure

Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a single component of a gas mixture. According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual components. This concept is crucial for calculating the contribution of each gas in a mixture to the overall pressure in a confined space.

Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas through the equation PV = nRT. This law is essential for determining the behavior of gases under various conditions. In this context, it can be used to calculate the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture when the total volume and temperature are known.

Gas Mixtures

Gas mixtures consist of two or more gases that occupy the same volume and exert pressure independently. The behavior of each gas in a mixture can be analyzed separately, allowing for the application of the Ideal Gas Law to each component. Understanding how to treat gas mixtures is vital for accurately calculating the partial pressures of each gas in a given volume and temperature.

Related Practice

Textbook Question

A sample of 3.00 g of SO₂(g) originally in a 5.00-L vessel at 21 °C is transferred to a 10.0-L vessel at 26 °C. A sample of 2.35 g of N₂(g) originally in a 2.50-L vessel at 20 °C is transferred to this same 10.0-L vessel. (c) What is the total pressure in the vessel?

Textbook Question

(a) What are the mole fractions of H₂ in a mixture of 15.08 g of O₂, 8.17 g of N₂, and 2.64 g of H₂?

(a) What are the mole fractions of N₂ in a mixture of 15.08 g of O₂, 8.17 g of N₂, and 2.64 g of H₂?

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Textbook Question