Textbook Question
(b) What is the coordination number of each cannonball in the interior of the stack?
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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 8c
The electronic structure of a doped semiconductor is shown here. (c) Which region of the diagram represents the band gap?
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Identify the two main regions in the diagram: Band A and Band B.
Understand that Band A represents the valence band (filled molecular orbitals) and Band B represents the conduction band (empty molecular orbitals).
Recognize that the band gap is the energy difference between the top of the valence band (Band A) and the bottom of the conduction band (Band B).
Locate the region between Band A and Band B in the diagram.
Conclude that this region represents the band gap.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Band Gap
The band gap is the energy difference between the top of the valence band (filled molecular orbitals) and the bottom of the conduction band (empty molecular orbitals) in a semiconductor. It determines the electrical conductivity of the material; a larger band gap typically means lower conductivity, while a smaller band gap allows for easier electron excitation, enhancing conductivity.
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Doping in Semiconductors
Doping involves adding impurities to a semiconductor to change its electrical properties. N-type doping introduces extra electrons, while P-type doping creates 'holes' or positive charge carriers. This process modifies the band structure, affecting the position and size of the band gap, which is crucial for tailoring the semiconductor's performance in electronic devices.
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Energy Bands
Energy bands in solids arise from the overlap of atomic orbitals, leading to the formation of filled and empty molecular orbitals. The filled band corresponds to the valence band, while the empty band is the conduction band. The arrangement and separation of these bands, including the band gap, dictate the material's electrical and optical properties, influencing its behavior in applications like transistors and diodes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Silicon is the fundamental component of integrated circuits. Si has the same structure as diamond. (a) Is Si a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
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Textbook Question
The accompanying image shows photoluminescence from four different samples of CdTe nanocrystals, each embedded in a polymer matrix. The photoluminescence occurs because the samples are being irradiated by a UV light source. The nanocrystals in each vial have different average sizes. The sizes are 4.0, 3.5, 3.2, and 2.8 nm. (a) Which vial contains the 4.0-nm nanocrystals?
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Textbook Question
Shown here are cartoons of two different polymers. Which one would have the higher melting point?
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Textbook Question
Which of these molecular fragments would you expect to be more likely to give rise to electrical conductivity? Explain your reasoning. (a)
(b)
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Textbook Question
Which arrangement of cations (yellow) and anions (blue) in a lattice is the more stable? Explain your reasoning. (a)
(b)
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