Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (d) network of covalent bonds.
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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 17
You are given a gray substance that melts at 700 °C; the solid is a conductor of electricity and is insoluble in water. Which type of solid (molecular, metallic, covalent-network, or ionic) might this substance be?
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Identify the properties of the substance: it is gray, melts at 700 °C, conducts electricity as a solid, and is insoluble in water.
Consider the types of solids: molecular, metallic, covalent-network, and ionic.
Recall that molecular solids typically have low melting points and do not conduct electricity, so this is unlikely.
Consider metallic solids: they are often gray, have high melting points, conduct electricity, and are insoluble in water.
Conclude that the substance is most likely a metallic solid based on its properties.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Types of Solids
Solids can be classified into four main types: molecular, metallic, covalent-network, and ionic. Each type has distinct properties based on the nature of the bonding and structure. Molecular solids consist of molecules held together by intermolecular forces, metallic solids consist of metal atoms sharing electrons, covalent-network solids have atoms connected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, and ionic solids are composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces.
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Electrical Conductivity
Electrical conductivity refers to a material's ability to conduct electric current. In solids, this property is influenced by the presence of free-moving charged particles. Metallic solids are good conductors due to the mobility of delocalized electrons, while ionic solids conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water, as ions can move freely. The gray substance in the question is a conductor, suggesting it may be metallic.
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Melting Point and Solubility
The melting point of a substance provides insight into its bonding and structure. A high melting point, like 700 °C, typically indicates strong bonding forces, such as those found in metallic or covalent-network solids. Additionally, solubility in water can help differentiate between types; for instance, ionic solids are often soluble, while metallic and covalent-network solids are generally insoluble. The gray substance's high melting point and insolubility suggest it is likely a metallic solid.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (a) CaSO4 (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (b) Pd (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (d) caffeine (C8H10N4O2) (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (e) toluene (C7H8) (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (f) P4.
Textbook Question
Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (c) Ta2O5 (melting point, 1872°C)
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Textbook Question
(a) Draw a picture that represents a crystalline solid at the atomic level.
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Textbook Question
(b) Now draw a picture that represents an amorphous solid at the atomic level.
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