Textbook Question
Write the molecular and structural formulas for the compounds represented by the following molecular models:
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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 57
Each of the following elements is capable of forming an ion in chemical reactions. By referring to the periodic table, predict the charge of the most stable ion of each: (a) Be (b) Rb (c) As (d) In (e) At.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the group number of arsenic (As) in the periodic table. Arsenic is in group 15.
Determine the number of valence electrons for arsenic. Elements in group 15 have 5 valence electrons.
Consider the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full set of 8 valence electrons.
Calculate how many electrons arsenic needs to gain to achieve a full octet. Arsenic needs 3 more electrons to reach 8 valence electrons.
Predict the charge of the arsenic ion. Since arsenic gains 3 electrons, it will have a charge of -3, forming the As^{3-} ion.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ion Formation
Ion formation occurs when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a charged particle. Metals typically lose electrons to form cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form anions. The charge of the ion is determined by the number of electrons lost or gained relative to the neutral atom.
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06:17
Ion Formation
Periodic Table Trends
The periodic table displays trends in atomic properties, including electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Elements in the same group often exhibit similar behaviors in ion formation. For example, elements on the right side of the table tend to gain electrons, while those on the left tend to lose them, influencing the charge of the ions they form.
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00:38Periodic Trends
Group 15 Elements
Arsenic (As) is a Group 15 element, which typically has five valence electrons. To achieve a stable electron configuration, arsenic can either gain three electrons to form a -3 anion or lose five electrons to form a +5 cation. However, the most stable ion for arsenic is usually the -3 anion, as it aligns with the tendency of nonmetals to gain electrons.
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00:50Main Group Elements: Density Example
Related Practice
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How many hydrogen atoms are in each of the following: (a) C2H5OH? (b) Ca(C2H5COO)2? (c) (NH4)3PO4?
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Textbook Question
Write the molecular and structural formulas for the compounds represented by the following models:
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Using the periodic table, predict the charge of the most stable ion of the following elements: (a) Li (b) Ba (c) Po (d) I
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Using the periodic table, predict the charge of the most stable ion of the following elements: (e) Sb.
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Using the periodic table to guide you, predict the chemical formula and name of the compound formed by the following elements: (c) Al and I
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