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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksBrown 14th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and IonsProblem 112
Chapter 2, Problem 112

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: (a) salt peter, KNO3 (b) soda ash, Na2CO3 (c) lime, (d) muriatic acid, HCl, CaO (e) Epsom salts, MgSO4 (f) milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)2.

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1
Identify the chemical formula given for the common name. In this case, the formula for muriatic acid is HCl.
Recognize that HCl is a binary compound, consisting of hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl).
Understand that binary acids are named using the prefix 'hydro-', the root of the nonmetal element, and the suffix '-ic' followed by the word 'acid'.
Apply the naming rule to HCl: Start with the prefix 'hydro-', use the root of 'chlorine' which is 'chlor-', and add the suffix '-ic'. Finally, add 'acid'.
Combine these components to form the systematic name: hydrochloric acid.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acids and Their Nomenclature

Acids are substances that can donate protons (H+) in a solution. Their nomenclature often depends on the anion present. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is derived from the chloride ion (Cl-), and its systematic name reflects this relationship.
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Common vs. Systematic Names

Common names are often used in everyday language and may not follow systematic naming conventions. Systematic names, however, are derived from the chemical composition and structure of the substance, providing a clear and standardized way to identify compounds, such as calling HCl 'hydrochloric acid' instead of 'muriatic acid.'
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Chemical Formula Representation

The chemical formula of a substance provides essential information about its composition, including the types and numbers of atoms present. For HCl, the formula indicates one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom, which is crucial for understanding its properties and behavior as an acid.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Elements in the same group of the periodic table often form oxyanions with the same general formula. The anions are also named in a similar fashion. Based on these observations, suggest a chemical formula or name, as appropriate, for each of the following ions: (d) hydrogen tellurate ion.

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Textbook Question

Carbonic acid occurs in carbonated beverages. When allowed to react with lithium hydroxide, it produces lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate is used to treat depression and bipolar disorder. Write chemical formula for carbonic acid, lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate.

Textbook Question

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, (b) potassium peroxide and potassium oxide, (c) aluminum nitride and aluminum nitrite, (d) iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide

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