Textbook Question
The molecular formula of aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed as NutraSweet®, is C14H18N2O5. (c) How many molecules of aspartame are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame?
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Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 42b
A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone, C19H28O2, contains 3.88×1021 hydrogen atoms. (b) How many molecules of testosterone does it contain?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the number of hydrogen atoms in one molecule of testosterone, which is given by the chemical formula \( \text{C}_{19}\text{H}_{28}\text{O}_{2} \). This indicates there are 28 hydrogen atoms per molecule.
Use the given number of hydrogen atoms, \( 3.88 \times 10^{21} \), and divide it by the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule (28) to find the number of testosterone molecules.
Set up the division: \( \frac{3.88 \times 10^{21}}{28} \).
Perform the division to calculate the number of testosterone molecules.
The result from the division will give you the number of testosterone molecules in the sample.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Avogadro's Number
Avogadro's number, approximately 6.022 x 10^23, is the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance. This constant is crucial for converting between the number of particles and the amount of substance in moles, allowing chemists to relate macroscopic quantities to microscopic entities.
Molecular Formula
The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and type of atoms present in a molecule. For testosterone, C19H28O2 signifies that each molecule contains 19 carbon atoms, 28 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Understanding the molecular formula is essential for determining the number of molecules from the total number of atoms.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. In this context, it helps in calculating the number of molecules of testosterone based on the total number of hydrogen atoms, using the ratio of hydrogen atoms per molecule as defined by its molecular formula.
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A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.250×1021 carbon atoms. (c) How many moles of glucose does it contain?
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Textbook Question
The allowable concentration level of vinyl chloride, C2H3Cl, in the atmosphere in a chemical plant is 2.0×10−6 g/L. How many moles of vinyl chloride in each liter does this represent?
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Textbook Question
The molecular formula of aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed as NutraSweet®, is C14H18N2O5. (d) How many hydrogen atoms are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame?
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Textbook Question
The allowable concentration level of vinyl chloride, C2H3Cl, in the atmosphere in a chemical plant is 2.0⨉10−6 g/L. How many molecules per liter?
Textbook Question
A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone, C19H28O2, contains 3.88×1021 hydrogen atoms. (c) How many moles of testosterone does it contain? (d) What is the mass of this sample in grams?
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