Textbook Question
Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the following compounds: (c) acetaminophen, C8H9NO2 (d) cyclopropanone, C3H4O
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Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 24
Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds: (a) Butyric acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, which is responsible for the rotten smell of spoiled food (b) sodium perborate, NaBO3, a substance used as bleach (c) CF2Cl2, a refrigerant known as Freon (d) NaHCO3, known as baking soda and used in bread and pastry baking (e) isopentyl acetate, CH3CO2C5H11, responsible for the odor of bananas.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the elements and their respective counts in the molecular formula of isopentyl acetate, CH3CO2C5H11. The formula can be broken down as: 2 Carbon atoms from the acetyl group (CH3CO), 5 Carbon atoms and 11 Hydrogen atoms from the pentyl group (C5H11), and 2 Oxygen atoms from the acetate group (CO2).
Calculate the total number of each type of atom in the compound: Carbon atoms = 2 (from acetyl) + 5 (from pentyl) = 7, Hydrogen atoms = 3 (from acetyl) + 11 (from pentyl) = 14, Oxygen atoms = 2 (from acetate).
Look up the atomic weights for each element from the periodic table: Carbon (C) approximately 12.01 amu, Hydrogen (H) approximately 1.008 amu, and Oxygen (O) approximately 16.00 amu.
Multiply the atomic weight of each element by the number of atoms of that element in the compound: Carbon contribution = 7 atoms × 12.01 amu, Hydrogen contribution = 14 atoms × 1.008 amu, Oxygen contribution = 2 atoms × 16.00 amu.
Add up all the contributions to get the total formula weight of isopentyl acetate: Total formula weight = Carbon contribution + Hydrogen contribution + Oxygen contribution.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molecular Formula
The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. For isopentyl acetate, the formula is CH3CO2C5H11, which shows it contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. Understanding how to interpret molecular formulas is essential for calculating formula weights.
Molar Mass Calculation
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, calculated by summing the atomic masses of all atoms in the molecular formula. Each element's atomic mass can be found on the periodic table. For isopentyl acetate, you would multiply the number of each type of atom by its atomic mass and then sum these values to find the total formula weight.
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Empirical vs. Molecular Formula
The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound, while the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms. In the case of isopentyl acetate, understanding the difference helps in recognizing that the molecular formula provides more detailed information about the compound's structure and composition, which is crucial for accurate weight calculations.
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