Textbook Question
If 2.0 mol CH3CH2CH2COOH, 2.0 mol C4H10, and 2.0 mol C6H6 are completely combusted in oxygen, which one produces the least? Explain.
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Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 88a
If 2.0 mol CH3CH2CH2COOH, 2.0 mol C4H10, and 2.0 mol C6H6 are completely combusted in oxygen, which one produces the largest number of moles of H2O?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the chemical formulas for each compound: CH3CH2CH2COOH (butanoic acid), C4H10 (butane), and C6H6 (benzene).
Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each compound. For example, the combustion of butanoic acid is: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} + \frac{9}{2} \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \text{CO}_2 + 4 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Determine the number of moles of water produced per mole of each compound combusted. For butanoic acid, 4 moles of water are produced per mole of acid.
Calculate the total moles of water produced by multiplying the moles of each compound by the moles of water produced per mole of compound. For example, for butanoic acid: \(2.0 \text{ mol} \times 4 \text{ mol H}_2\text{O/mol} = 8 \text{ mol H}_2\text{O}\).
Compare the total moles of water produced by each compound to determine which one produces the largest number of moles of water.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Combustion Reaction
A combustion reaction is a chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. In organic compounds, this typically results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water. Understanding the stoichiometry of combustion reactions is essential for determining the products and their quantities, particularly when comparing different substances.
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Combustion Apparatus
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the mole ratios of substances involved in the reaction, which is crucial for predicting how many moles of water will be produced from the combustion of each hydrocarbon in the question.
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Molar Mass and Molecular Formula
The molar mass and molecular formula of a compound provide information about the number of atoms of each element in a molecule. For hydrocarbons like CH3CH2CH2COOH, C4H10, and C6H6, knowing their molecular formulas helps in calculating the total number of moles of water produced during combustion, as the number of hydrogen atoms directly influences the amount of water formed.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of approximately 1000 to 10,000 atoms, are called quantum dots. Quantum dots made of the semiconductor CdSe are now being used in electronic reader and tablet displays because they emit light efficiently and in multiple colors, depending on dot size. The density of CdSe is 5.82 g/cm3. (a) What is the mass of one 2.5-nm CdSe quantum dot?
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Textbook Question
Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of approximately 1000 to 10,000 atoms, are called quantum dots. Quantum dots made of the semiconductor CdSe are now being used in electronic reader and tablet displays because they emit light efficiently and in multiple colors, depending on dot size. The density of CdSe is 5.82 g/cm3. (c) What is the mass of one 6.5-nm CdSe quantum dot?
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Textbook Question
When hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium hydroxide, the reaction forms sodium sulfide and water. How many grams of sodium sulfide are formed if 1.25 g of hydrogen sulfide is bubbled into a solution containing 2.00 g of sodium hydroxide, assuming that the sodium sulfide is made in 92.0% yield?
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Textbook Question
Write balanced chemical equations for (a) the complete combustion of acetone (CH3COCH3), a common organic solvent (b) the decomposition of solid mercury (I) carbonate into carbon dioxide gas, mercury, and solid mercury oxide
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Textbook Question
Write balanced chemical equations for (c) the combination reaction between nickel metal and chlorine gas.
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