Textbook Question
The As ¬ As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl ¬ Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å. (b) What bond length is predicted for AsCl3, using the atomic radii in Figure 7.7?
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 86
The following observations are made about two hypotheticalelements A and B: The A¬A and B¬B bond lengths in theelemental forms of A and B are 236 and 194 pm, respectively.A and B react to form the binary compound AB2, which hasa linear structure (that is B-A-B = 180°). Based on thesestatements, predict the separation between the two B nucleiin a molecule of AB2.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the given bond lengths: A-A bond length is 236 pm and B-B bond length is 194 pm.
Understand the structure of the compound AB2, which is linear (B-A-B = 180°). This implies that the molecule is straight with atom A in the middle and two B atoms on either side.
Recognize that the separation between the two B nuclei in AB2 will be twice the length of the B-A bond since the molecule is linear.
Assume that the B-A bond length can be approximated by the average of the A-A and B-B bond lengths. Calculate this average: (236 pm + 194 pm) / 2.
Multiply the average bond length by 2 to find the separation between the two B nuclei in the AB2 molecule.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bond Length
Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is influenced by the types of atoms involved and the nature of the bond (single, double, or triple). In this case, the bond lengths of A-A and B-B provide insight into the size and strength of the bonds, which is essential for predicting the geometry and distances in the compound AB2.
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Average Bond Order
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The linear structure of AB2 indicates that the atoms are arranged in a straight line, with bond angles of 180°. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting the spatial relationships between atoms, which directly affects the separation between the B nuclei in the compound.
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01:33Molecular Geometry with Two Electron Groups
VSEPR Theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. In the case of AB2, the linear arrangement suggests that the two B atoms are positioned to minimize repulsion, leading to a specific separation that can be calculated using the bond lengths and the linear structure.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In Table 7.8, the bonding atomic radius of neon is listed as58 pm, whereas that for xenon is listed as 140 pm. A classmateof yours states that the value for Xe is more realisticthan the one for Ne. Is she correct? If so, what is the basisfor her statement?
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Textbook Question
Note from the following table that there is a significant increasein atomic radius upon moving from Y to La, whereasthe radii of Zr to Hf are the same. Suggest an explanation forthis effect.Atomic Radii (pm)Sc 170 Ti 160Y 190 Zr 175La 207 Hf 175
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Textbook Question
The As ¬ As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl ¬ Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å. (a) Based on these data, what is the predicted As ¬ Cl bond length in arsenic trichlo- ride, AsCl3, in which each of the three Cl atoms is bonded to the As atom?
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Textbook Question
Elements in group 7A in the periodic table are called the halogens; elements in group 6A are called the chalcogens. (a) What is the most common oxidation state of the chalcogens compared to the halogens?
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