Textbook Question
a) Predict the electron-domain geometry around the central S atom in SF2, SF4, and SF6.
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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 92e
Ethyl propanoate, CH3CH2COOCH2CH3, gives a fruity pineapple-like smell. (e) What are the approximate bond angles around each carbon atom in the molecule?
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Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the molecule. Carbon atoms in organic molecules are typically sp3, sp2, or sp hybridized.
For sp3 hybridized carbon atoms, the bond angles are approximately 109.5 degrees. This is typical for carbon atoms forming four single bonds.
For sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, the bond angles are approximately 120 degrees. This occurs when a carbon atom forms a double bond and two single bonds.
For sp hybridized carbon atoms, the bond angles are approximately 180 degrees. This is seen when a carbon atom forms a triple bond or two double bonds.
Examine the structure of ethyl propanoate: CH3CH2COOCH2CH3. Determine the hybridization of each carbon atom based on the types of bonds they form and assign the corresponding bond angles.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bond Angles
Bond angles are the angles formed between three atoms in a molecule, specifically between the bonds that connect them. In organic molecules, these angles are influenced by the hybridization of the central atom. For example, in sp3 hybridized carbon, the bond angles are approximately 109.5 degrees, while in sp2 hybridized carbon, they are about 120 degrees.
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Bond Angles
Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of a molecule. In ethyl propanoate, the carbon atoms can be sp3 or sp2 hybridized, depending on their bonding environment. This hybridization determines the geometry and bond angles around each carbon atom.
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Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom. In ethyl propanoate, the geometry around the carbon atoms will influence the bond angles, which can be predicted using VSEPR theory, leading to specific angles based on their hybridization.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Fill in the blank spaces in the following chart. If the molecule column is blank, find an example that fulfills the conditions of the rest of the row. Molecule Electron-Domain Hybridization Dipole Geometry of Central Atom Moment? Yes or No CO2 sp3 Yes sp3 No Trigonal planar No SF4 Octahedral No sp2 Yes Trigonal bipyramidal No XeF2
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Textbook Question
Although I3- is a known ion, F3- is not. (d) Yet another classmate says F3- does not exist because F is too small to make bonds to more than one atom. Is this classmate possibly correct?
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Textbook Question
An AB5 molecule adopts the geometry shown here. (c) Suppose the B atoms are halogen atoms. Of which group in the periodic table is atom A a member: (i) Group 15, (ii) Group 16, (iii) Group 17, (iv) Group 18, or (v) More information is needed?
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