Textbook Question
Silicon is the fundamental component of integrated circuits. Si has the same structure as diamond. (a) Is Si a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement111
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions166
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry138
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution127
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry104
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms109
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements107
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding102
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories120
- Ch.10 - Gases122
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces79
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials102
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics153
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium83
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria109
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria117
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment60
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics109
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry113
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry79
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals52
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry57
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry7
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 13a
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in (a) molecular crystals?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the type of particles present in molecular crystals: In molecular crystals, the particles are molecules.
Understand the nature of molecular interactions: Molecular crystals are held together primarily by intermolecular forces rather than chemical bonds.
Recognize the types of intermolecular forces: The main types of intermolecular forces include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonds.
Analyze the strength and characteristics of these forces: London dispersion forces are generally weaker and occur due to temporary dipoles. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between molecules with permanent dipoles. Hydrogen bonds are a stronger type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs specifically when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.
Apply this understanding to molecular crystals: In molecular crystals, the type of intermolecular force present depends on the specific molecules that make up the crystal. For example, ice (a molecular crystal of water) exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the polar nature of water molecules.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces that occur between molecules. These forces include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points, especially in molecular crystals where these forces dictate how molecules are arranged and interact.
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Crystals
Molecular crystals are solid structures formed by molecules held together primarily by intermolecular forces rather than ionic or covalent bonds. These crystals typically have lower melting points compared to ionic or metallic crystals due to the weaker nature of the intermolecular forces. Understanding the arrangement and types of molecules in these crystals is essential for predicting their properties and behaviors.
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03:04The crystal field splitting pattern for octahedral complexes has the d orbitals on or along the axes as having the higher energy.
Types of Attractive Forces
The types of attractive forces in molecular crystals include hydrogen bonds, which are strong interactions between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms; dipole-dipole interactions, which occur between polar molecules; and London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions due to temporary dipoles in nonpolar molecules. Each type of force contributes differently to the stability and characteristics of the crystal structure.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (a) High mobility of electrons throughout the solid;
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Textbook Question
The accompanying image shows photoluminescence from four different samples of CdTe nanocrystals, each embedded in a polymer matrix. The photoluminescence occurs because the samples are being irradiated by a UV light source. The nanocrystals in each vial have different average sizes. The sizes are 4.0, 3.5, 3.2, and 2.8 nm. (a) Which vial contains the 4.0-nm nanocrystals?
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Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (b) softness, relatively low melting point;
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Textbook Question
Silicon is the fundamental component of integrated circuits. Si has the same structure as diamond. (b) Silicon readily reacts to form silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is quite hard and is insoluble in water. Is SiO2 most likely a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
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Textbook Question
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in (d) and metallic crystals?
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