A particular sample of vinegar has a pH of 2.90. If acetic acid is the only acid that vinegar contains (Ka = 1.8 * 10^-5), calculate the concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar.

Name: Chemistry: The Central Science
Author: Brown
ISBN: 9780137542970

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand that pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration \([H^+]\) in a solution. Use the formula \(pH = -\log[H^+]\) to find \([H^+]\).

Step 2: Rearrange the formula to solve for \([H^+]\): \([H^+] = 10^{-pH}\). Substitute the given pH value of 2.90 into this equation to calculate \([H^+]\).

Step 3: Recognize that acetic acid \((CH_3COOH)\) is a weak acid and partially dissociates in water according to the equation: \(CH_3COOH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^- + H^+\).

Step 4: Use the expression for the acid dissociation constant \(K_a\) for acetic acid: \(K_a = \frac{[CH_3COO^-][H^+]}{[CH_3COOH]}\). Assume \([CH_3COO^-] = [H^+]\) at equilibrium since each mole of acetic acid that dissociates produces one mole of \(H^+\) and one mole of \(CH_3COO^-\).

Step 5: Substitute \([H^+]\) from Step 2 and \(K_a = 1.8 \times 10^{-5}\) into the \(K_a\) expression to solve for the initial concentration of acetic acid \([CH_3COOH]\).

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

pH and pKa

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) and indicates the strength of an acid; lower pKa values correspond to stronger acids. Understanding the relationship between pH and pKa is essential for calculating the concentration of acids in solution.

Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)

The acid dissociation constant (Ka) quantifies the strength of an acid in solution, representing the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the acid into its ions. For acetic acid, the dissociation can be expressed as CH3COOH ⇌ H+ + CH3COO-. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid, while a lower value suggests a weaker acid. This concept is crucial for determining the concentration of acetic acid from the given pH.

Concentration Calculations

Concentration calculations involve determining the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. In this context, the concentration of acetic acid can be derived from the pH and the Ka value using the formula that relates pH to the concentration of hydrogen ions and the dissociation of the acid. This process often requires rearranging equations and applying the principles of equilibrium to find the unknown concentration.

Recommended video:

Guided course

07:35

Calculate Concentration of the Basic Form

Related Practice

Textbook Question

If a solution of HF 1Ka = 6.8 * 10-42 has a pH of 3.65, calculate the concentration of hydrofluoric acid.

446

views

Textbook Question

A 0.100 M solution of chloroacetic acid 1ClCH2COOH2 is 11.0% ionized. Using this information, calculate 3ClCH2COO-4, 3H+4, 3ClCH2COOH4, and Ka for chloroacetic acid.

771

views

Textbook Question

The acid-dissociation constant for chlorous acid 1HClO22 is 1.1 * 10-2. Calculate the concentrations of H3O+, ClO2-, and HClO2 at equilibrium if the initial concentration of HClO2 is 0.0125 M.

1067

views

Textbook Question

Write the chemical equation and the K_a expression for the acid dissociation of each of the following acids in aqueous solution. First show the reaction with H⁺(a)q as a product and then with the hydronium ion: (a) C₆H₅COOH (b) HCO₃^-

899

views