Textbook Question
Write the molecular and structural formulas for the compounds represented by the following molecular models:
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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement111
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions166
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry138
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution127
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry104
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms109
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements107
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding102
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories120
- Ch.10 - Gases122
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces79
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials102
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics153
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium83
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria109
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria117
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment60
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics109
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry113
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry79
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals52
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry57
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry7
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 57c
Each of the following elements is capable of forming an ion in chemical reactions. By referring to the periodic table, predict the charge of the most stable ion of each: c. K
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the position of potassium (K) on the periodic table. It is located in Group 1, which contains the alkali metals.
Recall that elements in Group 1 have one electron in their outermost shell.
Understand that atoms tend to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas. For potassium, this means losing one electron to achieve the electron configuration of argon.
Predict that when potassium loses one electron, it forms a cation with a charge of +1, denoted as K^+.
Conclude that the most stable ion of potassium in chemical reactions is K^+, with a charge of +1.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ion Formation
Ion formation occurs when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a charged particle. Metals typically lose electrons to form positively charged cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form negatively charged anions. Understanding this process is crucial for predicting the charge of ions formed by different elements.
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06:17
Ion Formation
Periodic Table Trends
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties, revealing trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and atomic size. Elements in the same group often exhibit similar behaviors in ion formation. For example, alkali metals like potassium (K) tend to lose one electron, leading to a +1 charge.
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00:38Periodic Trends
Stability of Ions
The stability of an ion is influenced by its electron configuration, particularly achieving a noble gas configuration. Ions that reach a stable electron arrangement are more favorable in chemical reactions. For potassium, losing one electron allows it to attain the electron configuration of argon, making the K+ ion the most stable form.
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03:13Intepreting the Band of Stability
Related Practice
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Fill in the gaps in the following table:
Symbol 31P3-
Protons 34 50
Neutrons 45 69 118
Electrons 46 76
Net charge 2- 3+
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