Textbook Question
Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) White phorphrous, P4(s), reacts with chlorine gas. (b) Sodium metal reacts with water. (c) Sulfur reacts with hydrogen gas.
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement111
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions166
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry138
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution127
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry104
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms109
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements107
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding102
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories120
- Ch.10 - Gases122
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces79
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials102
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics153
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium83
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria109
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria117
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment60
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics109
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry113
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry79
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals52
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry57
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry7
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 74c
Little is known about the properties of astatine, At, because of its rarity and high radioactivity. Nevertheless, it is possible for us to make many predictions about its properties. (c) What is the chemical formula of the compound it forms with Na?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the position of astatine (At) in the periodic table. Astatine is a halogen, found in Group 17.
Recognize the typical valence of halogens. Halogens generally have a valence of -1 when forming compounds.
Identify the position and typical valence of sodium (Na). Sodium is an alkali metal in Group 1 and typically has a valence of +1.
Combine the valences of sodium and astatine to predict the formula of the compound. Since sodium has a +1 charge and astatine has a -1 charge, they can combine in a 1:1 ratio.
Write the chemical formula using the symbols for sodium and astatine, ensuring the total charge is neutral. The formula is NaAt.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chemical Bonding
Chemical bonding refers to the forces that hold atoms together in compounds. In the case of astatine (At) and sodium (Na), the bond formed is ionic, where sodium donates an electron to astatine, resulting in the formation of Na+ and At- ions. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the formula of the compound formed.
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00:45
Chemical Bonds
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed when metals and nonmetals react, resulting in the transfer of electrons. Sodium, a metal, loses one electron to become Na+, while astatine, a nonmetal, gains an electron to become At-. The resulting compound is electrically neutral, and its formula reflects the ratio of the ions involved.
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02:11Ionic Compounds Naming
Chemical Formulas
A chemical formula represents the elements in a compound and their respective ratios. For the compound formed between sodium and astatine, the formula is NaAt, indicating one sodium ion for every astatine ion. This notation is essential for conveying the composition of the compound succinctly.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Potassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compound potassium hydride. (b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determine the energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:
K(g) + H(g) → K+(g) + H-(g)
K(g) + H(g) → K-(g) + H+(g)
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Textbook Question
(a) As described in Section 7.7, the alkali metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides and react with halogens to form halides. Compare the roles of hydrogen and halogens in these reactions. Write balanced equations for the reaction of fluorine with calcium and for the reaction of hydrogen with calcium. (b) What is the oxidation number and electron configuration of calcium in each product?
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