Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements

Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition

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Tro 4th Edition

Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements

Problem 64

Chapter 2, Problem 64

Write the symbol for each element and classify it as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. a. gold b. fluorine c. sodium d. tin e. argon

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1. The symbol for gold is Au. Gold is a metal. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile, which are typical properties of metals.

2. The symbol for fluorine is F. Fluorine is a nonmetal. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and it is not malleable or ductile. These are typical properties of nonmetals.

3. The symbol for sodium is Na. Sodium is a metal. Like gold, it is a good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile.

4. The symbol for tin is Sn. Tin is a metal. It shares the same properties as gold and sodium, being a good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile.

5. The symbol for argon is Ar. Argon is a nonmetal. Like fluorine, it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and it is not malleable or ductile.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Periodic Table Classification

Elements are classified into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their properties and positions in the periodic table. Metals, typically found on the left side, are good conductors of heat and electricity, while nonmetals, located on the right, are poor conductors and often have more varied properties. Metalloids, found along the zig-zag line, exhibit characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

Element Symbols

Each chemical element is represented by a unique one- or two-letter symbol, derived from its English or Latin name. For example, gold is represented as 'Au' from its Latin name 'Aurum', while sodium is 'Na' from 'Natrium'. Understanding these symbols is essential for identifying elements in chemical equations and reactions.

Properties of Elements

The classification of elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids is based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and ductile, while nonmetals are often dull and brittle. Metalloids possess intermediate properties, making them useful in various applications, such as semiconductors in electronics.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether or not each element is a main-group element. a. tellurium b. potassium c. vanadium d. manganese

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Textbook Question

Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol Ion Formed Number of Electrons in Ion Number of Protons in Ion Ca Ca²⁺ ______ ______ ______ Be²⁺ 2 ______ Se ______ ______ 34 In ______ ______ 49

Textbook Question

Fill in the blanks to complete the table.

Symbol Ion Formed Number of Electrons in Ion Number of Protons in Ion

Cl ______ ______ 17

Te ______ 54 ______

Br Br^– ______ ______

______ Sr²⁺ ______ 38

Which pair of elements do you expect to be most similar? Why? a. N and Ni b. Mo and Sn c. Na and Mg d. Cl and F e. Si and P

Textbook Question

Classify each element as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas. a. sodium b. iodine c. calcium d. barium e. krypton