Textbook Question
Which outer electron configurations would you expect to belong to a noble gas? a. ns2 b. ns2np6 c. ns2np5 d. ns2np2
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Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving107
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements100
- Ch.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical Equations127
- Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions114
- Ch.5 - Gases103
- Ch.6 - Thermochemistry92
- Ch.7 - Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom50
- Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements89
- Ch.9 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model84
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory74
- Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces60
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Material50
- Ch.13 - Solutions90
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics111
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium65
- Ch.16 - Acids and Bases135
- Ch.17 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium145
- Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics92
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry100
- Ch.20 - Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry68
- Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry121
Chapter 8, Problem 55
According to Coulomb's law, which pair of charged particles has the lowest potential energy? a. a particle with a 1- charge separated by 150 pm from a particle with a 2+ charge b. a particle with a 1- charge separated by 150 pm from a particle with a 1+ charge c. a particle with a 1- charge separated by 100 pm from a particle with a 3+ charge
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand Coulomb's Law: Coulomb's law states that the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The potential energy (PE) associated with two charges is given by the formula PE = k * (q1 * q2) / r, where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
Identify the charges and distances in each option: a) q1 = -1, q2 = +2, r = 150 pm; b) q1 = -1, q2 = +1, r = 150 pm; c) q1 = -1, q2 = +3, r = 100 pm.
Convert distances from picometers to meters for calculation: 1 pm = 1e-12 meters.
Calculate the potential energy for each pair using the formula: Substitute the values of q1, q2, and r into the formula PE = k * (q1 * q2) / r for each option.
Compare the calculated potential energies: The pair with the lowest potential energy will be the one with the highest magnitude of the product of charges (q1 * q2) and the shortest distance (r).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic interaction between charged particles. It states that the potential energy (U) between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Mathematically, it is expressed as U = k * (q1 * q2) / r, where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance separating them.
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Potential Energy of Charged Particles
The potential energy of charged particles is influenced by their charges and the distance separating them. Opposite charges (positive and negative) attract each other, resulting in lower potential energy, while like charges repel, leading to higher potential energy. Thus, the configuration of charges and their separation distance is crucial in determining the stability and energy of the system.
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Comparison of Charge Magnitudes
When comparing pairs of charged particles, the magnitude of the charges plays a significant role in determining potential energy. A larger charge will exert a stronger force, affecting the potential energy more significantly than a smaller charge. Therefore, in scenarios where distances are constant, the combination of charge magnitudes is essential for identifying which pair has the lowest potential energy.
Related Practice
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Which experience a greater effective nuclear charge: the valence electrons in beryllium or the valence electrons in nitrogen? Why?
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Textbook Question
If core electrons completely shielded valence electrons from nuclear charge (i.e., if each core electron reduced nuclear charge by 1 unit) and if valence electrons did not shield one another from nuclear charge at all, what would be the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons of each atom? a. K
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Textbook Question
According to Coulomb's law, rank the interactions between charged particles from lowest potential energy to highest potential energy. a. a 1+ charge and a 1- charge separated by 100 pm b. a 2+ charge and a 1- charge separated by 100 pm c. a 1+ charge and a 1+ charge separated by 100 pm d. a 1+ charge and a 1- charge separated by 200 pm
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Textbook Question
Which outer electron configuration would you expect to belong to a reactive nonmetal? a. ns2 b. ns2np6 c. ns2np5 d. ns2np2
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Textbook Question
Which outer electron configurations would you expect to belong to a metalloid? ns2 b. ns2np6 c. ns2np5 d. ns2np2
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