Genetic drift, an evolutionary process affecting all populations, can have a significant effect in small populations, even though its effect is negligible in large populations. Explain why this is the case.

Write a short essay describing the roles of mutation, migration, and selection in bringing about speciation.

Identify and describe the evolutionary forces that can cause allele frequencies to change from one generation to the next.

Describe how natural selection can produce balanced polymorphism of allele frequencies through selection that favors heterozygotes.

Thinking creatively about evolutionary mechanisms, identify at least two schemes that could generate allelic polymorphism in a population. Do not include the processes described in the answer to Problem 4.

If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium expresses a recessive trait, what is the probability that the offspring of two individuals who do not express the trait will express it?