Which of the following best describes a proto-oncogene in the context of cancer genetics?

Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation) is one of the most effective current cancer treatments. It works by damaging DNA and other cellular components. In which ways could radiotherapy control or cure cancer, and why does radiotherapy often have significant side effects?

Explain the apparent paradox that both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA are often found in the same cancer cell.

As part of a cancer research project, you have discovered a gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors. After determining the DNA sequence of this gene, you compare the sequence with those of other genes in the human genome sequence database. Your gene appears to code for an amino acid sequence that resembles sequences found in some serine proteases. Conjecture how your new gene might contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cancer?

Which of the following statements about cancer is false?