A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?

Mary and Justin are both heterozygous carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the probability that they will have an affected child?

In a family where both parents are heterozygous carriers for cystic fibrosis (genotype Ff), what is the probability that their daughter Irene is a carrier (heterozygous) for the disease? Express your answer as a percentage.

In a cross between two individuals who are both heterozygous for the autosomal recessive disorders phenylketonuria (PKU, gene 1) and cystic fibrosis (CF, gene 2), what proportion of their children will have either PKU or CF, but not both disorders?

In a family where one parent is heterozygous for Huntington's disease (an autosomal dominant disorder) and the other parent is unaffected, what is the percent probability that exactly four out of seven children will inherit Huntington's disease?

Charles has normal blood clotting, while Marie is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder). What is the probability that their female child will suffer from hemophilia?

In a pedigree where both parents are heterozygous (Ww) for a gene with complete dominance, what is the probability that their child, individual III-1, is homozygous recessive (ww)?

3. In a population of cats, if the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is 0.7 and the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of cats that are homozygous dominant (AA)?

In a population of cats, the allele for short tails (T) is dominant over the allele for long tails (t). If the frequency of the T allele is 0.6, what is the expected frequency of cats with short tails in the population, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?