Which of the following characteristics describes the blastoderm embryonic tissue?
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
14. Genetic Control of Development
Early Developmental Steps
Problem 1c
Textbook Question
In the discussion, we have focused on large-scale as well as the inter- and intracellular events that take place during embryogenesis and the formation of adult structures. In particular, we discussed how the adult body plan is laid down by a cascade of gene expression, and the role of cell–cell communication in development. Based on your knowledge of these topics, answer several fundamental questions:
How did we discover that selector genes specify which adult structures will be formed by body segments?

1
Understand the concept of selector genes: Selector genes are master regulatory genes that control the development of specific body segments and determine the identity of adult structures formed by these segments.
Review historical experiments: Research how scientists used genetic studies, such as mutational analysis in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), to identify selector genes. For example, mutations in homeotic genes led to transformations of body segments, providing evidence for their role in specifying segment identity.
Examine molecular techniques: Learn about techniques such as gene knockout, RNA interference, and transgenic experiments that were used to manipulate selector genes and observe the resulting phenotypic changes in body segment development.
Explore the role of cell signaling: Study how cell–cell communication and signaling pathways interact with selector genes to refine and execute the developmental program for body segment formation.
Connect gene expression cascades: Understand how selector genes fit into the broader cascade of gene expression during embryogenesis, including their regulation by upstream genes and their downstream effects on structural gene activation.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Selector Genes
Selector genes are a group of regulatory genes that determine the identity of body segments during embryonic development. They control the expression of downstream genes that lead to the formation of specific structures in the adult organism. The discovery of their role was facilitated by genetic experiments, such as mutations in model organisms like Drosophila, which revealed how changes in these genes could alter segment identity.
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Gene Expression Cascade
A gene expression cascade refers to a series of regulatory events where the activation of one gene leads to the activation of another, ultimately resulting in the formation of complex structures. In embryogenesis, this cascade is crucial for establishing the body plan, as it orchestrates the timing and location of gene expression necessary for proper development. Understanding this cascade helps explain how specific adult structures arise from embryonic tissues.
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Cell–Cell Communication
Cell–cell communication is essential during development, as it allows cells to coordinate their activities and respond to signals from neighboring cells. This communication can occur through various mechanisms, including signaling molecules and direct contact. In the context of embryogenesis, it plays a vital role in ensuring that cells differentiate correctly and form the appropriate structures, guided by the information provided by selector genes.
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