Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

Genetics

13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

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Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the correct order of steps leading to gene regulation by miRNAs in eukaryotic cells?

Processing by Dicer → transcription of miRNA gene → export to cytoplasm → processing by Drosha → incorporation into RISC → binding to target mRNA

Transcription of miRNA gene → export to cytoplasm → processing by Drosha → processing by Dicer → incorporation into RISC → binding to target mRNA

Transcription of miRNA gene → direct incorporation into RISC → processing by Dicer → export to cytoplasm → binding to target mRNA

Transcription of miRNA gene → processing by Drosha → export to cytoplasm → processing by Dicer → incorporation into RISC → binding to target mRNA

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand that miRNA genes are first transcribed in the nucleus to produce a primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript. This is the initial step in miRNA biogenesis.

Step 2: The pri-miRNA is then processed by the Drosha enzyme (a nuclear RNase III enzyme) into a precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is a shorter hairpin structure still located in the nucleus.

Step 3: The pre-miRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by exportin-5, allowing further processing to occur outside the nucleus.

Step 4: In the cytoplasm, the Dicer enzyme (another RNase III enzyme) processes the pre-miRNA into a mature miRNA duplex, which is about 22 nucleotides long.

Step 5: One strand of this miRNA duplex is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which then binds to target mRNAs to regulate their expression by either degrading the mRNA or inhibiting its translation.