Multiple Choice
Regarding the human sex chromosomes X and Y, do both chromosomes have the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
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3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance
Sex Chromosome
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In what way does having two X chromosomes provide a health advantage for girls and women?
A
If one X chromosome carries a harmful mutation, the other X can often compensate, reducing the likelihood of expressing X-linked genetic disorders.
B
Having two X chromosomes increases the total number of genes expressed, leading to higher intelligence.
C
Two X chromosomes allow for faster cell division in females compared to males.
D
The presence of two X chromosomes prevents all forms of cancer in females.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Recognize that many genes are located on the X chromosome, and some genetic disorders are linked to mutations on the X chromosome (X-linked disorders).
Know that if one X chromosome carries a harmful mutation, the other X chromosome can often provide a normal copy of the gene, which can compensate for the defective one.
This compensation reduces the likelihood that females will express X-linked genetic disorders, because the normal gene on the second X chromosome can mask the effect of the mutation.
Therefore, having two X chromosomes provides a health advantage by lowering the risk of expressing certain genetic diseases compared to males, who have only one X chromosome and no backup copy.
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