Multiple Choice
During meiosis, what is the process called in which homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA after synapsis, resulting in genetic recombination?
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4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage
Crossing Over and Recombinants
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As a result of crossing over during meiosis, sister chromatids are no longer identical to each other. What is the genetic consequence of this process?
A
It leads to the formation of polyploid cells.
B
It causes nondisjunction of chromosomes.
C
It increases genetic variation among gametes.
D
It prevents independent assortment of alleles.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA between non-sister chromatids.
Recognize that sister chromatids, which were originally identical copies, become genetically different after crossing over because they now contain a mix of maternal and paternal alleles.
Recall that this exchange of genetic material increases the variety of allele combinations present in the resulting gametes.
Distinguish crossing over from other processes: it does not cause polyploidy (extra sets of chromosomes), nor does it cause nondisjunction (failure of chromosomes to separate properly), and it does not prevent independent assortment (which is a separate mechanism contributing to genetic variation).
Conclude that the main genetic consequence of crossing over is the increase in genetic variation among gametes, enhancing diversity in offspring.
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