If the phenotype reflects the activities of more than one gene, it is called a ______ trait.

In shorthorn cattle, coat color may be red, white, or roan. Roan is an intermediate phenotype expressed as a mixture of red and white hairs. The following data were obtained from various crosses:

Does the roan phenotype illustrate a case of incomplete dominance or a case of codominance? Explain.

In four o’clock plants, many flower colors are observed. In a cross involving two true-breeding strains, one crimson and the other white, all of the generation were rose color. In the , four new phenotypes appeared along with the and parental colors. The following ratio was obtained:

Propose an explanation for the inheritance of these flower colors.