Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post Translational Modifications

Genetics

13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post Translational Modifications

Previous problemNext problem

0:57 minutes

Problem 28

Textbook Question

List three different types of posttranslational modifications that may happen to a protein and the significance of each in the context of protein function.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify what posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are: chemical changes that occur to a protein after it has been synthesized (translated) from mRNA, which can alter the protein's function, localization, stability, or interactions.

List the first type of PTM, such as phosphorylation, and explain that it involves the addition of a phosphate group (PO₄³⁻) typically to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues, which can regulate protein activity, signaling pathways, and interactions.

List the second type of PTM, such as glycosylation, which is the attachment of carbohydrate groups to specific amino acids, important for protein folding, stability, and cell-cell recognition.

List the third type of PTM, such as ubiquitination, where ubiquitin proteins are attached to lysine residues, marking the protein for degradation by the proteasome or altering its cellular location or activity.

For each PTM, emphasize its significance in modulating protein function dynamically, allowing cells to respond to environmental signals and maintain homeostasis.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Video duration:

57s

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs)

PTMs are chemical changes made to a protein after its synthesis, altering its properties and functions. These modifications regulate protein activity, localization, stability, and interactions, enabling dynamic control of cellular processes.

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation involves adding a phosphate group to amino acids like serine, threonine, or tyrosine. This modification often acts as an on/off switch for protein activity, playing a critical role in signaling pathways and cellular regulation.

Glycosylation

Glycosylation is the attachment of sugar molecules to proteins, influencing folding, stability, and cell-cell recognition. It is essential for protein trafficking and immune responses, especially in membrane and secreted proteins.

Previous problemNext problem

4:30m

Watch next

Master Post Translational Modifications with a bite sized video explanation from Kylia

Start learning