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Multiple Choice
In fundamental genetics, how do the terms genotype and phenotype relate?
A
Genotype describes the set of environmental conditions an organism experiences, and phenotype describes its DNA sequence.
B
Genotype refers to observable traits, while phenotype refers to the alleles an organism carries.
C
Genotype is an organism’s genetic makeup (alleles), and phenotype is the observable traits that result from the genotype interacting with the environment.
D
Genotype and phenotype are always identical because the environment has no effect on trait expression.
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Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Define genotype as the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the set of alleles it carries for a particular gene or set of genes.
Step 2: Define phenotype as the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, which result from the expression of the genotype in a given environment.
Step 3: Explain that phenotype is influenced not only by genotype but also by environmental factors, meaning the same genotype can produce different phenotypes under different conditions.
Step 4: Clarify that genotype refers to the inherited genetic information, while phenotype is the manifestation of that information as traits such as eye color, height, or enzyme activity.
Step 5: Emphasize that genotype and phenotype are related but distinct concepts: genotype is the genetic code, and phenotype is the visible or measurable expression of that code.