Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

15. Genomes and Genomics

Functional Genomics

Genetics

15. Genomes and Genomics

Functional Genomics

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1:48 minutes

Problem 18a

Textbook Question

A 3.5-kb segment of DNA containing the complete sequence of a mouse gene is available. The DNA segment contains the promoter sequence and extends beyond the polyadenylation site of the gene. The DNA is studied by band shift assay, and the following gel bands are observed.

Match these conditions to a specific lane of the gel.
3.5-kb fragment plus TFIIB and TFIID

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the gel image provided. Each lane represents a different experimental condition, and the bands indicate the presence of DNA-protein complexes or free DNA.

Understand the role of TFIIB and TFIID. These are transcription factors that bind to the promoter region of DNA, forming a complex that can be detected in a band shift assay.

Compare the lanes in the gel. Lane 1 likely represents the control condition with the 3.5-kb DNA fragment alone, showing a single band corresponding to free DNA.

Identify the lanes where TFIIB and TFIID are added. The addition of these transcription factors should result in a shifted band (higher up in the gel) due to the formation of DNA-protein complexes.

Match the observed band shifts in the gel to the experimental condition described (3.5-kb fragment plus TFIIB and TFIID). The lane with the shifted band indicates the presence of the DNA-protein complex formed by TFIIB and TFIID binding to the promoter region.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Promoter Sequence

The promoter sequence is a region of DNA located upstream of a gene that initiates transcription. It contains specific binding sites for transcription factors and RNA polymerase, which are essential for the transcription process. Understanding the promoter's role is crucial for analyzing gene expression and the effects of regulatory proteins.

Transcription Factors (TFIIB and TFIID)

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. TFIIB and TFIID are essential components of the transcription initiation complex. TFIID recognizes the promoter region and recruits TFIIB, which helps position RNA polymerase at the start site of transcription, making them vital for understanding gene regulation.

Gel Electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge. In this context, it helps visualize the binding of transcription factors to the DNA segment. The resulting gel bands indicate the presence and size of DNA-protein complexes, providing insights into the interactions between the gene and transcription factors.

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Textbook Question

A 2-kb fragment of E. coli DNA contains the complete sequence of a gene for which transcription is terminated by the rho protein. The fragment contains the complete promoter sequence as well as the terminator region of the gene. The cloned fragment is examined by band shift assay. Each lane of a single electrophoresis gel contains the 2-kb cloned fragment under the following conditions:

Lane 1: 2-kb fragment alone

Lane 2: 2-kb fragment plus the core enzyme

Lane 3: 2-kb fragment plus the RNA polymerase holoenzyme

Lane 4: 2-kb fragment plus rho protein

Explain the relative positions of bands in lanes 1 and 4.

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Textbook Question

A 3.5-kb segment of DNA containing the complete sequence of a mouse gene is available. The DNA segment contains the promoter sequence and extends beyond the polyadenylation site of the gene. The DNA is studied by band shift assay, and the following gel bands are observed.

Match these conditions to a specific lane of the gel.

3.5-kb fragment plus TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIF, and RNA polymerase II

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Textbook Question

Match these conditions to a specific lane of the gel.

3.5-kb fragment alone

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Textbook Question

Match these conditions to a specific lane of the gel.

3.5-kb fragment plus RNA polymerase II