Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

11. Translation

The Genetic Code

Genetics

11. Translation

The Genetic Code

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0:57 minutes

Problem 13d

Textbook Question

A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
If the molecule were an internal part of a message, what amino acid sequence would result from it following translation?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The RNA sequence provided is 5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'. To determine the amino acid sequence, we need to translate this RNA sequence into its corresponding protein sequence using the genetic code chart.

Step 2: Divide the RNA sequence into codons. Codons are groups of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids. For the given sequence, the codons are: AGG, CGC, CGA, CUC, UAC, and U.

Step 3: Refer to the genetic code chart (Figure 13.7). Match each codon to its corresponding amino acid. For example, AGG codes for Arginine, CGC codes for Arginine, and so on.

Step 4: Note that translation begins at a start codon (AUG) and ends at a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA). If this sequence is an internal part of a message, it may not include a start or stop codon, so translation would proceed through the codons provided.

Step 5: Write down the amino acid sequence in order based on the codons. Ensure that you follow the codon-to-amino acid mapping accurately and consider any potential secondary structure effects that might influence translation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

RNA Structure and Function

RNA molecules can adopt complex secondary structures due to base pairing within the strand. This secondary structure is crucial for their function, influencing processes like translation. The hyperchromic shift mentioned indicates changes in the absorbance of UV light, often associated with the unfolding or refolding of RNA, which can affect its biological activity.

Translation Process

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. The mRNA sequence is read in sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each corresponding to a specific amino acid. Understanding how codons translate into amino acids is essential for determining the resulting protein sequence from the given RNA.

Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how nucleotide sequences in mRNA are translated into amino acids. Each codon, a sequence of three nucleotides, specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. Familiarity with the genetic code chart is necessary to accurately translate the RNA sequence into its corresponding amino acid sequence.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Third-base wobble allows some tRNAs to recognize more than one mRNA codon. Based on this chapter's discussion of wobble, what is the minimal number of tRNA molecules necessary to recognize the following amino acids?

Lysine

Isoleucine

Arginine

Leucine

A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be

5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'

If the molecule were a tRNA fragment containing a CGA anticodon, what would the corresponding codon be?

493

views

Textbook Question

The genetic code contains 61 codons to specify the 20 common amino acids. Many organisms carry fewer than 61 different tRNA genes in their genomes. These genomes take advantage of isoaccepting tRNAs and the rules governing third-base wobble to encode fewer than 61 tRNA genes. Use these rules to calculate the minimal number of tRNA genes required to specify all 20 of the common amino acids.

571

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Textbook Question

Shown here is a hypothetical viral mRNA sequence:

5'-AUGCAUACCUAUGAGACCCUUGGA-3'

Assuming that it could arise from overlapping genes, how many different polypeptide sequences can be produced? What are the sequences?

459

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Textbook Question

Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan residues. Correlate the number of codons for these three amino acids with this information.

516

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A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be 5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'If the molecule were an internal part of a message, what amino acid sequence would result from it following translation?

Key Concepts

RNA Structure and Function

Translation Process

Genetic Code

Watch next

A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift, indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
If the molecule were an internal part of a message, what amino acid sequence would result from it following translation?