Textbook Question
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Rudolph Virchow
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1. Introduction to Genetics
History of Genetics
2:06 minutesProblem 32
Textbook Question
What information presented in this chapter and what information familiar to you from previous general biology courses is consistent with all life having a common origin?
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Consider the universal genetic code: All known life forms use DNA as their genetic material, and the genetic code is nearly universal, meaning that the same codons specify the same amino acids in almost all organisms.
Reflect on the presence of similar biochemical pathways: Fundamental processes such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are conserved across diverse life forms, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.
Examine the structure of cellular components: The basic structure of cell membranes and the presence of ribosomes for protein synthesis are consistent across all domains of life.
Think about the conservation of core genes: Many genes involved in essential cellular functions are highly conserved, indicating that they were present in a common ancestor.
Consider the fossil record and phylogenetic trees: The fossil record and molecular phylogenetic analyses provide evidence for the evolutionary relationships among species, supporting the idea of a common origin.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Common Descent
Common descent is the evolutionary concept that all living organisms share a common ancestor. This idea is supported by genetic, fossil, and anatomical evidence, indicating that species diverged from a shared lineage over time. Understanding this concept is crucial for grasping how diverse life forms are interconnected through evolutionary history.
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Genetic Evidence
Genetic evidence refers to the similarities in DNA sequences among different species, which suggest a shared ancestry. Molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing, reveal that all organisms have similar genetic codes, reinforcing the idea of a common origin. This genetic similarity is a key piece of evidence for the theory of evolution.
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Homologous Structures
Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common origin but may serve different functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats have similar bone structures, indicating a shared ancestry. Recognizing these structures helps illustrate how evolutionary processes shape the diversity of life while maintaining underlying similarities.
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