Textbook Question
Several amino acid substitutions in the α and β chains of human hemoglobin are shown in the following table.
Using the code table, determine how many of them can occur as a result of a single-nucleotide change.
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11. Translation
Proteins
2:14 minutesProblem 27
Textbook Question
List as many different categories of protein functions as you can. Wherever possible, give an example of each category.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the various categories of protein functions, which include structural, enzymatic, transport, signaling, regulatory, and immune functions.
For structural proteins, consider examples like collagen, which provides structural support in connective tissues.
For enzymatic proteins, think of enzymes like amylase, which catalyze biochemical reactions such as the breakdown of starch into sugars.
For transport proteins, look at hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood.
For signaling proteins, examine hormones like insulin, which regulate glucose levels in the blood.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Enzymatic Functions
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body. They are crucial for processes such as digestion and metabolism. For example, amylase is an enzyme that helps break down starches into sugars in the mouth.
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Structural Functions
Structural proteins provide support and shape to cells and tissues. They are essential for maintaining the integrity of biological structures. Collagen, found in connective tissues, is a prime example, providing strength and elasticity to skin, bones, and cartilage.
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Transport Functions
Transport proteins are responsible for moving substances across cell membranes or throughout the body. They can facilitate the movement of ions, nutrients, and gases. Hemoglobin, for instance, is a transport protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
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