Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses

Bacterial Transformation

Genetics

5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses

Bacterial Transformation

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2:29 minutes

Problem 27

Textbook Question

For the experiment in Problem 26, another gene, g, was studied. It demonstrated positive cotransformation when tested with gene f. Predict the results of testing gene g with genes a, b, c, d, and e.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of cotransformation: Cotransformation occurs when two genes are close enough on the bacterial chromosome that they are transferred together during transformation. Positive cotransformation indicates that the genes are likely physically linked or close to each other.

Review the results of the experiment in Problem 26 to determine the cotransformation relationships between genes a, b, c, d, and e with gene f. This will help establish the relative positions of these genes on the chromosome.

Since gene g shows positive cotransformation with gene f, it suggests that gene g is located near gene f on the chromosome. Use this information to hypothesize the relative positions of gene g with respect to genes a, b, c, d, and e.

Predict the cotransformation results for gene g with each of the genes a, b, c, d, and e based on their proximity to gene f. If a gene is close to gene f, it is likely to show positive cotransformation with gene g as well. Conversely, if a gene is far from gene f, it is less likely to show cotransformation with gene g.

Summarize the predictions for each gene (a, b, c, d, and e) based on their relative distances to gene f and the observed cotransformation patterns. This will provide the expected results of testing gene g with these genes.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cotransformation

Cotransformation refers to the phenomenon where two or more genes are transferred together from one organism to another, often observed in bacterial transformation. This occurs when DNA from a donor bacterium is taken up by a recipient, leading to the expression of multiple traits. Understanding cotransformation is crucial for predicting genetic interactions and the likelihood of genes being inherited together.

Gene Interaction

Gene interaction describes how different genes influence each other's expression and the resulting phenotype. In the context of cotransformation, the interaction between genes g and f suggests that they may be located close to each other on the chromosome, affecting the likelihood of their co-inheritance. Analyzing gene interactions helps in predicting the outcomes of genetic experiments.

Linkage Mapping

Linkage mapping is a genetic technique used to determine the relative positions of genes on a chromosome based on the frequency of recombination between them. Genes that are physically close tend to be inherited together, which is essential for predicting the results of testing gene g with other genes. Understanding linkage is vital for making accurate predictions about genetic outcomes in experiments.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

In Bacillus subtilis, linkage analysis of two mutant genes affecting the synthesis of two amino acids, tryptophan (trp₂⁻) and tyrosine (trp₁⁻), was performed using transformation. Examine the following data and draw all possible conclusions regarding linkage. What is the purpose of Part B of the experiment? [Reference: E. Nester, M. Schafer, and J. Lederberg (1963).]

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Textbook Question

Define the term genetic complementation.

Does the term genetic complementation have the same meaning in both cases? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Define the term genetic complementation.

Give another example of genetic complementation and describe how genetic complementation works in that case.

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Textbook Question

In a cotransformation experiment, using various combinations of genes two at a time, the following data were produced. Determine which genes are 'linked' to which others.

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Textbook Question

A wild-type culture of haploid yeast is exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Yeast cells are plated on a complete medium, and 6 colonies (colonies numbered 1 to 6) are transferred to a new complete medium plate for further study. Four replica plates are made from the complete medium plate to plates containing minimal medium or minimal medium plus one amino acid (replica plates numbered 1 to 4) with the following results:

Identify the colonies that are auxotrophic (mutant). What growth information leads to your answer?

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Textbook Question

Identify the colonies that are prototrophic (wild type). What growth information leads to your answer?

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Textbook Question

How could antisense RNA be used as an antibiotic? What types of genes would you target using this scheme?

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Multiple Choice