Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

1. Introduction to Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics

Genetics

1. Introduction to Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics

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1:57 minutes

Problem 29b

Textbook Question

Consider the following segment of DNA:
5'-...ATGCCAGTCACTGACTTG...-3'
3'-...TACGGTCAGTGACTGAAC...-5'
How many hydrogen bonds are present in this DNA segment?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the base pairs in the given DNA segment. Recall that adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

Count the number of A-T base pairs in the DNA segment. Each A-T pair forms 2 hydrogen bonds.

Count the number of G-C base pairs in the DNA segment. Each G-C pair forms 3 hydrogen bonds.

Multiply the number of A-T pairs by 2 to calculate the total hydrogen bonds contributed by A-T pairs.

Multiply the number of G-C pairs by 3 to calculate the total hydrogen bonds contributed by G-C pairs. Add the results from steps 4 and 5 to determine the total number of hydrogen bonds in the DNA segment.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Base Pairing in DNA

DNA consists of two strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, while Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) through three hydrogen bonds. Understanding this base pairing is essential for calculating the total number of hydrogen bonds in a given DNA segment.

Counting Hydrogen Bonds

To determine the total number of hydrogen bonds in a DNA segment, one must identify the base pairs present and apply the specific bonding rules: A-T pairs contribute two hydrogen bonds, while G-C pairs contribute three. By analyzing the sequence of bases in the provided DNA segment, one can accurately count the total hydrogen bonds formed.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Suppose a genotype for a protein-producing gene can have any combination of three alleles, A₁, A₂, and A₃.

Each allele produces a protein with a distinct electrophoretic mobility. Allele A₁ has the highest electrophoretic mobility, A₃ has the lowest electrophoretic mobility, and the electrophoretic mobility of A₂ is intermediate between them. Draw the appearance of gel electrophoresis protein bands for each of the possible genotypes. Be sure to label each lane of the gel with the corresponding genotype.

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Textbook Question

Suppose a genotype for a protein-producing gene can have any combination of three alleles, A₁, A₂, and A₃.

List all the possible genotypes involving these three alleles.

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Textbook Question

Shorter fragments of DNA (those with fewer base pairs) have a higher electrophoretic mobility than larger fragments. Thinking about electrophoresis gels as creating a matrix through which fragments must migrate, briefly explain why the size of a DNA fragment affects its electrophoretic mobility.

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Textbook Question

Four nucleic-acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of the nucleotides they contain. Survey the data in the table to determine which samples are DNA and which are RNA, and specify whether each sample is double-stranded or single-stranded. Justify each answer.

[A table of nucleotide percentages appears below the problem]

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Textbook Question

Consider the following segment of DNA:

5'-...ATGCCAGTCACTGACTTG...-3'

3'-...TACGGTCAGTGACTGAAC...-5'

How many phosphodiester bonds are required to form this segment of double-stranded DNA?

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Textbook Question

Consider the following segment of DNA:

5'-...ATGCCAGTCACTGACTTG...-3'

3'-...TACGGTCAGTGACTGAAC...-5'

If the lower strand of DNA serves as the template transcribed into mRNA, how many peptide bonds are present in the polypeptide fragment into which the mRNA is translated?

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Textbook Question

A pair of homologous chromosomes in Drosophila has the following content (single letters represent genes):

Chromosome 1RNMDHBGKWU

Chromosome 2RNMDHBDHBGKWU

What term best describes this situation?

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Multiple Choice

In a genetic cross between flies heterozygous for body color and wing size, 16% of the offspring show recombinant phenotypes. What is the recombination frequency between the genes for body color and wing size?

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