The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either 'leopard' (white pigment between dark spots) or 'mottled' (pigment between spots appears mottled). The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations, and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown below.
    Cross 1:  P₁: Male leopard x male mottled
             F₁: All mottled
             F₂: 70 mottled, 22 leopard
    Cross 2:  P₁: Male mottled x female leopard
             F₁: All mottled
             F₂: 50 mottled, 18 leopard
Propose two different genetic crosses that would allow you to determine the genotype of one mottled frog from the F₂ generation.

In chickens, a condition referred to as 'creeper' exists whereby the bird has very short legs and wings and appears to be creeping when it walks. If creepers are bred to normal chickens, one-half of the offspring are normal and one-half are creepers. Creepers never breed true. If bred together, they yield two-thirds creepers and one-third normal. Propose an explanation for the inheritance of this condition.

In a cross between a black and a white guinea pig, all members of the F₁ generation are black. The F₂ generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white guinea pigs. Two different matings were made between black members of the F₂ generation, with the following results. Diagram each of the crosses.

Cross Offspring

Cross 1 All black

Cross 2 3/4 black, 1/4 white

In a cross between a black and a white guinea pig, all members of the F₁ generation are black. The F₂ generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white guinea pigs. What will the offspring be like if two F₂ white guinea pigs are mated?

In a cross between a black and a white guinea pig, all members of the F₁ generation are black. The F₂ generation is made up of approximately 3/4 black and 1/4 white guinea pigs. Diagram this cross, showing the genotypes and phenotypes.

The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either 'leopard' (white pigment between dark spots) or 'mottled' (pigment between spots appears mottled). The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations, and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown below.

    Cross 1:  P₁: Male leopard x male mottled

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 70 mottled, 22 leopard

    Cross 2:  P₁: Male mottled x female leopard

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 50 mottled, 18 leopard

In the F₂ progeny from both crosses, what proportion is expected to be homozygous? What proportion is expected to be heterozygous?

The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either 'leopard' (white pigment between dark spots) or 'mottled' (pigment between spots appears mottled). The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations, and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown below.

    Cross 1:  P₁: Male leopard x male mottled

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 70 mottled, 22 leopard

    Cross 2:  P₁: Male mottled x female leopard

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 50 mottled, 18 leopard

Compare and contrast the results of the reciprocal crosses in the context of autosomal gene inheritance.

The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either 'leopard' (white pigment between dark spots) or 'mottled' (pigment between spots appears mottled). The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations, and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown below.

    Cross 1:  P₁: Male leopard x male mottled

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 70 mottled, 22 leopard

    Cross 2:  P₁: Male mottled x female leopard

             F₁: All mottled

             F₂: 50 mottled, 18 leopard

Which of the phenotypes is dominant? Explain your answer.

A male mouse from a true-breeding strain of hyperactive animals is crossed with a female mouse from a true-breeding strain of lethargic animals. (These are both hypothetical strains.) All the progeny are lethargic. In the F₂ generation, all offspring are lethargic. What is the best genetic explanation for these observations? Propose a cross to test your explanation.