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Development of Animal Gametes quiz #1 Flashcards

Development of Animal Gametes quiz #1
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  • Why are human gametes haploid instead of diploid?
    Human gametes are haploid so that when a sperm and egg fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes. This ensures that offspring inherit one set of chromosomes from each parent, maintaining genetic stability across generations.
  • Which statement best describes a spermatid?
    A spermatid is an immature, haploid male gamete produced during spermatogenesis. It is non-motile, lacks a tail and acrosome, and must undergo further maturation (spermiogenesis) to become a functional sperm cell.
  • What are gametes?
    Gametes are specialized reproductive cells (sperm in males and eggs in females) that are haploid and combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, initiating the development of a new organism.
  • Where in the male reproductive system does spermatogenesis primarily occur?
    Spermatogenesis primarily occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
  • What is the role of the acrosome in mature sperm cells?
    The acrosome is a cap on the head of the sperm that contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg during fertilization.
  • At what stage of meiosis do primary oocytes pause, and when do they resume development?
    Primary oocytes pause in prophase I of meiosis and resume development at ovulation.
  • How does the cytoplasmic division differ between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
    In spermatogenesis, cytoplasmic division is equal, producing four similar sperm, while in oogenesis, it is unequal, resulting in one large egg and smaller polar bodies.
  • What triggers the completion of meiosis II in the secondary oocyte?
    The completion of meiosis II in the secondary oocyte is triggered by fertilization by a sperm cell.
  • Why are polar bodies produced during oogenesis, and what happens to them?
    Polar bodies are produced to discard extra sets of chromosomes, and they are typically not used and are eventually degraded.
  • How does the timing of gamete production differ between males and females?
    Males produce sperm continuously after puberty, while females are born with all their primary oocytes, which are used up over time and not replenished.